‘Cooperation and compassion are just as natural as competition or conflict’
Saskia Arndt poses three questions to her hero, Dr. Jane Goodall
For Vetscience, Professor of Animal Behaviour Saskia Arndt had the opportunity to ask three questions to one of her great role models: Jane Goodall. This interview took place in June 2025, a few months before she passed away on 1 October 2025 at the age of 91.
Jane Goodall was a world-renowned British anthropologist and biologist, who was best known for her groundbreaking research on chimpanzees in Tanzania. She began her work at age 26, without formal training but with a sharp, objective, and curious mind. Her lifelong mission to inspire people to protect the planet has made her a global icon and a source of inspiration to many. Saskia Arndt is one of them: ‘Jane is inspiring and motivating, especially for women. She encourages us to pursue our dreams, stand up for our beliefs and contribute to a better future for humans and animals.’
Arndt: You believe that nurturing hope is key to change. In an era marked by climate change, war, hatred, exploitation, and growing distrust in science, how do you maintain your optimism?
Goodall: ‘What helps me maintain hope is my deep faith in nature’s and humanity’s resilience. I’ve met so many inspiring young people working to make a difference in their communities and for the planet. They remind me daily that change is possible.’
‘It’s not always easy to keep one’s spirits up, especially when the challenges seem overwhelming. But I believe in the power of individual action. I see people fighting for the environment, scientists pursuing the truth, and growing awareness of the need for change. These keep my hope alive. I’ve always been an optimist, even in the darkest times.’
Arndt: We still live in a world dominated by men. You have found your way as a researcher in this world. How did you achieve this?
Goodall: 'It wasn't always easy. At the time, opportunities for women in science were limited, and obstacles were plenty. Determination and belief in my goals kept me going. I knew I couldn't give in to the limitations that society imposed on women. It was important to stay true to myself, to my intuition and my love of nature, and to let my work speak for itself. I had the support of some brilliant mentors, but it took time and perseverance to prove my worth.’
‘Women in science and beyond have more opportunities now, but it remains vital that we defend our dreams, stand up for ourselves, and support one another.’
Arndt: Studying chimpanzees teaches us a lot about ourselves, including our violent side. Is there an animal species that serves as an example for a better society? Perhaps the bonobo?
Goodall: ‘We have indeed learned a lot about our own nature by studying chimpanzees: their intelligence, their social bonds, but also their tendency towards aggression. Chimpanzees sometimes exhibit violent behaviour, especially in the case of territorial conflicts or rivalry. By observing them, we have discovered something important about human nature: that violence is one side of us, but certainly not the only one.’
Alliances of female bonobos bring stability and peace
‘Bonobos show us a completely different side of nature, a more peaceful side. Bonobos live in matriarchal societies, where conflicts rarely escalate into violence. Instead of dominating, female bonobos form alliances that bring stability and peace. They seek closeness, comfort and connection, often through touch, play or sexual interaction. There seems to be a deep social wisdom in their behaviour. Their society teaches us that cooperation and caring for one another can form a foundation of stability.’
‘Bonobos are not alone; we see behaviours in other animals that inspire us to create a more peaceful society. Elephants show empathy and care for the dead. Dolphins help sick companions and even bring strangers to safety. Horses use subtle communication and guide their herds through trust rather than force, often led by an experienced mare. Even some birds, such as crows and geese, cooperate in complex ways and form lasting bonds. These animals remind us that cooperation, compassion and caring for each other are just as natural as competition or conflict. Nature isn’t just a battlefield; it’s also a place of connection, if we care to see it.’