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In October 2024, prof. Arora launched her book 'From pessimism to promise' in which she discusses the contrast between the Global South and Global North regarding their perspective on technology. In a recent interview with de Volkskrant, she elaborates on the topic as she explains the value seen in technology by the Global South and defends rational optimism.

While Western media are increasingly focused on the downsides of social media and technology, Arora has seen a completely different perspective in the Global South during her 20 years of field research. Here, people are much more optimistic and see technology as a way to connect with others, find inspiration and develop themselves. Contrary to Western ideas that social media impedes real contact or creates incorrect impressions on what love and sex is, Arora argues that social media can provide a way for people in the Global South to receive sexual education or get in touch with like-minded people, especially in the queer community.

In Western media it's mostly about how we can spend less time on our phones, while people in the Global South sometimes literally deprive themselves of bread to be able to go online.

Even though people might think the Global South is completely different from the West, Arora highlights how similar struggles exist, for which technology can prove useful. After all, young people everywhere want to be able to discover and express themselves outside the watchful eyes of parents and teachers. Social media can provide a treasure trove of information for these young people, often presented by people that are similar to them, making it easier to relate to and learn from.

Technology does not come without risks, Arora acknowledges. However, she states that we should adopt a rational optimism towards it. While it is important not to ignore potential issues, such as the spread of misinformation, we should apply a problem-solving approach to these issues rather than painting a pessimistic picture of them and not take any action. Instead of prohibiting its use, Arora feels that it is more effective to use the money and influence that the West has to make social media more safe, similar to making cars more safe by implementing seat belts and speed bumps.

That's what I want. Rational optimism. A critical perspective on technology is definitely needed, but we also need to remind ourselves that social media, internet and AI serve a purpose. Why else are we still using it?