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By Alex Telea

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has witnessed tremendous successes in the last decade in classification, regression, and prediction areas. However, many ML models are used, and sometimes even designed, as black boxes. When such models do not operate properly, their creators do not often know what is the best way to improve them. Moreover, even when operating successfully, users often require to understand how and why they take certain decisions to gain trust therein. We present how visualization and visual analytics helps towards explaining (and improving) ML models. These cover tasks such as understanding high-dimensional datasets; understanding unit specialization during the training of deep learning models; exploring how training samples determine the shape of classification decision boundaries; and helping users annotating samples in semi-supervised active learning scenarios.