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Summary of dissertation

This thesis investigates Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) in Pomeranians. These conditions involve abnormalities of the skull and brain (CM) and the spinal cord (SM) and are also observed in humans and other species. CM is characterized, in simple terms, by a relatively small skull with insufficient space for the brain. SM involves fluid accumulation and cavity formation within the spinal cord. The clinical signs, disease progression, and anatomical characteristics of Pomeranians were studied to gain a better understanding of these complex disorders.

The research shows that signs such as vocalization, head shaking, licking and biting paws, spontaneous pain episodes, airlickinh, and scratching with or without skin contact are common in Pomeranians affected by these conditions. The progression of SM was monitored in several dogs over time, revealing that the disease can worsen, emphasizing the need for further studies on effective treatment options.

Analysis of anatomical features in dogs with and without these conditions indicated that dogs with SM exhibit specific traits, such as a shorter skull base and a smaller cranial cavity. Further studies using CT scans and external skull measurements suggested that a shorter lower jaw is associated with an increased risk of SM, which may aid in identifying at-risk dogs more easily.

Finally, volumetric measurements of the brain and cranial cavity were examined in relation to CM and SM. Differences were found in dogs with SM, including a smaller cranial cavity (specifically the caudal cranial fossa) and enlarged brain fluid compartments (ventricles). This thesis contributes to a better understanding of these conditions and highlights the importance of further research into genetic factors and animal welfare improvements.

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